Hauv kev siv dej hiav txwv, cov khoom siv hlau yuav tsum raug nthuav tawm rau ntau yam kev tshaj tawm ntawm salinity, high humidity, ntau chloride ions thiab lwm yam corrosive media rau lub sijhawm ntev, uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm electrochemical corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev xaiv cov hlau tsim nyog nrog cov dej hiav txwv zoo corrosion kuj yog tus yuam sij rau kev nyab xeeb, lub neej thiab kev lag luam ntawm cov chaw tseem ceeb xws li marine engineering lug, khoom siv nkoj, seawater desalination cog thiab offshore platform. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no science thiab engineering praxis, TIs thiab titanium alloys yog cov khoom siv hlau muaj zog tshaj plaws tiv thaiv dej hiav txwv corrosion thiab nws tag nrho cov kev ua yeeb yam hauv marine sib txawv yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej.
1, Titanium thiab titanium alloys: lub "crown" ntawm seawater corrosion kuj.
Ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv paub, titanium thiab nws cov alloys tau dhau los ua cov hlau zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv corrosion hauv chav dej hiav txwv thiab raug hu ua "marine metals". Qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tiv taus corrosion yog vim yog qhov tsim ntawm nrawm- sib sau, ntom ntom, ruaj khov thiab nws tus kheej- kho titanium dioxide (TiO ₂) txheej txheej ntawm nws qhov chaw. Cov oxide zaj duab xis tuaj yeem rov tsim dua sai sai hauv ob peb vib nas this thaum nws raug kev cuam tshuam los yog tshuaj lom neeg.5 Thaum cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv puas lawm, cov hlau hauv paus tau raug cais tawm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev corrosive, yog li ua tiav ntev - tiv thaiv lub sijhawm.
1. Adaptability rau tag nrho ib puag ncig
Titanium alloys muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj corrosion nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam sib txawv ntawm cov dej hiav txwv, nrog rau cov cheeb tsam atmospheric, txaws zones, tidal zones, tag nrho cov immersed zones, thiab txawm muaj kuab paug seawater thiab marine av nkos. Kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv ib txwm hiav txwv cheeb tsam xws li South Tuam Tshoj Hiav txwv thiab East Tuam Tshoj Hiav txwv, tom qab 16 xyoo ntawm tas mus li raug, tus nqi corrosion ntawm titanium alloys nyhav rau xoom, qhia tau hais tias yuav luag "mus tas li" durability.
2. Zoo tiv thaiv corrosion hauv zos
Piv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv xws li stainless hlau thiab tooj liab alloys, titanium alloys tsis tshua muaj pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, los yog intergranular corrosion. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov dej hiav txwv nrog cov xuab zeb cov ntsiab lus, siab txaus, thiab muaj kuab paug hnyav, cov zaj duab xis passivation nto tuaj yeem nyob twj ywm thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv corrosion thiab corrosion.
3. Kev ua tau zoo zoo sib xws
Titanium alloy tsis tsuas yog muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev, tab sis kuj muaj lub zog siab, tsis tshua muaj siab (li 57% ntawm cov hlau), muaj zog tshwj xeeb, zoo toughness thiab vuam kev ua tau zoo, nrog rau cov khoom tsis yog- hlau nplaum. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov ntawv thov xws li sib sib zog nqus - hiav txwv submersibles, nkoj propulsion systems, sonar deflectors, thiab lwm yam uas xav tau lub teeb yuag, zais, thiab lub zog ntawm cov qauv.
4. Daim ntawv thov kev ua haujlwm engineering
Titanium alloys feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab shipbuilding; nws "Typhoon class" nuclear submarine yog tsim los ntawm ob lub plhaub titanium alloy qauv thiab ncav cuag qhov tob ntawm 914 meters; Tsis tas li ntawd GR5 titanium alloy yog siv los ua kom lub siab resistant shells ntawm Suav manned submersible Jiaolong American hydrofoil nkoj yog nruab nrog titanium alloy propellers, uas coj 15% ntau dua propulsion efficiency thiab nrog lub neej zoo kawg. Cov kev vam meej no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua pov thawj tias titanium alloys tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ib puag ncig marine heev.
2, Kev sib piv ntawm Lwm Cov Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Corrosion Resistant Hlau Khoom hauv Seawater
Txawm hais tias titanium alloy muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws, nws kim heev, yog li hauv kev siv tswv yim, peb feem ntau siv lwm cov khoom siv hlau uas muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo los hloov lossis pab nws.
1. High nickel alloys (Monel, Hastelloy, Inconel)
Nws tiv taus cov tshuaj chloride ion corrosion thiab oxidation, txawm nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv immersion thiab kub ib puag ncig.
Monel alloy (Ni Cu) yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov khoom xws li seawater twj shafts thiab li qub; Hastelloy feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog heev yog tov nrog dej hiav txwv. Nws drawback yog tias nws kim heev thiab intergranular corrosion yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej yam alloys nyob rau hauv lub weld cheeb tsam.
2. Stainless hlau series (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog 316L, 904L thiab lwm yam molybdenum-muaj stainless hlau)
Vim tias tam sim no ntawm molybdenum (Mo) lub caij, 316L stainless hlau tau txhim kho lub peev xwm tiv thaiv chloride ion pitting corrosion uas ua rau nws yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv marine field.
904L thiab lwm yam super austenitic stainless hlau muaj ntau chromium, npib tsib xee, thiab molybdenum thiab muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntau dua rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav dua. Txawm li cas los xij, pitting thiab crevice corrosion kuj tseem yuav tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev tiv thaiv cathodic yuav tsum tau siv xws li splash zone thiab stagnant water zone.
3. Copper nickel alloys (egcu ni 90/10,70/30) thiab txhuas bronze n tooj liab nickel alloys yog resistant rau biofouling nrog nruab nrab corrosion kuj thiab yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws siv rau cov kav dej huv hauv cov kav dej thiab cov kav dej hiav txwv. Lub corrosion kuj ntawm aluminium bronze yog superior nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv vim hais tias cov oxide zaj duab xis tsim nyob rau saum npoo yog compact thiab zoo, thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv propellers, li qub thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias siv sij hawm ntev tseem tuaj yeem xaus rau hauv cov teeb meem xws li los yog xaiv leaching thiab corrosion.
4. Kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw thiab cov alloys tshiab
Amorphous alloys tsis muaj ntoo grain, thiab lawv lub zos corrosion kuj zoo dua li cov khoom siv crystalline ib txwm siv, uas ua rau lawv muaj kev tshawb fawb hotpot. 7 Meanwhile low- nqi titanium alloy tseem tab tom tsim los txo cov nqi ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv titanium thiab pab txhawb kev nrov ntawm cov loj - nplai mega- tej yaam num xws li hla hiav txwv choj thiab seawater desalination cog.
3, Cov khoom tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv corrosion thiab cov lus qhia xaiv cov khoom
1. Kev hloov pauv hauv Environmental Zoning Marine ntsug stratification plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev xeb: thaj chaw txaws muaj qhov corrosion hnyav tshaj plaws vim yog qhov sib txawv ziab thiab ntub dej thiab cov pa oxygen txaus; Txawm li cas los xij, thaj av av av yog anaerobic thiab muaj tus nqi qis dua. Yog li ntawd, tej yam khoom sib txawv ntawm cov qib yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv txawv cheeb tsam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub splash cheeb tsam titanium alloy los yog ib tug high nickel alloy yuav tsum tau siv, nyob rau hauv tag nrho immersion cheeb tsam xav txog tooj liab nickel alloy los yog ib tug zoo zoo stainless hlau.
2. Kub, ntws tus nqi, thiab cov khoom siv lom neeg
Qhov kub thiab txias ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, siab txaus tus nqi intensifies yaig corrosion, thiab lom fouling yuav ua rau lub zos corrosion. Kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav txog cov dynamic yam.
3. Kev lag luam thiab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm lub neej
Txawm hais tias titanium alloy muaj kev nqis peev siab tshaj plaws, nws lub neej ua haujlwm ntev (txog 50 xyoo lossis ntau dua), kev saib xyuas tsis tshua muaj, thiab kev ntseeg siab ua rau nws zoo dua rau cov khoom siv zoo tib yam raws li tag nrho cov nqi ntawm lub neej. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws yog qhov sib npaug zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev lag luam.
4, Xaus thiab Outlook: Hauv cov ntsiab lus, titanium thiab titanium alloys yog tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv hlau muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm seawater corrosion kuj. Lawv tus kheej passivation, kho tus kheej muaj peev xwm, ib puag ncig adaptability, thiab zoo heev txhua yam khoom ua rau lawv zoo heev txawm nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob xws li dej hiav txwv sib sib zog nqus, kub siab, siab ntsev, thiab high flow velocity. Lawv tau dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv rau siab - cov khoom siv hauv hiav txwv kawg.
Txoj kev txhim kho yav tom ntej yuav tsom mus rau:
Kev tsim kho ntawm qis- nqi titanium alloys los txo cov khoom siv raw thiab cov nqi tsim khoom; Kev ua tiav hauv kev npaj thev naus laus zis ntawm cov khoom loj- nplai, txhim kho qhov loj thiab tsim muaj peev xwm ntawm castings;
Kev siv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siab heev, xws li 3D luam ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj, kom txo cov khoom poob; Optimization ntawm vuam thiab kev sib txuas thev naus laus zis los txhim kho corrosion kuj thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov pob qij txha;
Kev tsim kho cov ntaub ntawv ib puag ncig sib tham sib database los txhawb kev xaiv cov khoom ntse thiab kev kwv yees lub neej. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim lub zog hiav txwv thiab kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau kev sib sib zog nqus - hiav txwv txoj kev loj hlob, titanium alloys thiab lwm yam siab -kev ua tau zoo corrosion- cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam marine engineering. Kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, kev siv tus qauv, kev sim thiab kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lav phib xaub rau kev ua kom lub sijhawm ntev -kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov chaw hauv hiav txwv.
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